training

JUNIOR EQUITATION AND HORSE WELFARE 2A (with jumping)
Qualifications
__ Candidates must hold Riding Clubs' Junior Equitation and Horse Welfare 1.
Requirements
__ To be capable of competing at Riding Club local events
__ To show a degree of confidence and balance in the saddle
__ Demonstrate a basic balanced position, which will lead to a more secure seat, that is independent of the reins
__ To know and be able to apply natural and simple aids correctly, showing co-ordinated use of aids for simple movements
__ Should begin to initiate free forward movement and begin to establish a light feel of the horse/pony's mouth
__ To show an awareness of proper regard to other riders
__ To be in control of the horse/pony at all times on the roads and in the countryside. To have a proper regard for country lore
__ To understand the Highway Code and to show common sense and courtesy when out and about with a horse/pony
__ To have a knowledge of the daily care of the horse/pony
__ To have a good awareness of cause and effect in horse management skills
__ To have a knowledge of the care and working of a horse/pony off grass
Equitation
__ Mount and dismount correctly on either side
__ Adjust stirrups and girth while mounted at halt and in walk
__ Know the reasons for maintaining the correct position in the saddle
__ Show a reasonably correct and steady position at walk, trot (rising and sitting) and canter
__ Walk and trot without stirrups (holding the front of the saddle if necessary)
__ Hold the reins in one or both hands
__ Handle the whip correctly and know how and when to use it
__ Be prepared to ride the following movements, demonstrating prepared and correct transitions and correct use of the Natural aids:

o 20m circles in walk, rising & sitting trot and canter
o 15m circles in walk and rising & sitting trot
o Figure 8's in walk and trot
o Serpentines
o Halt and stand quietly for 5 seconds
o Ride at walk, trot and canter with smooth transitions

__ Understand the meaning of the word "aids"
__ Understand the meaning and use of Natural Aids to produce forward movement with even rhythm
__ Describe artificial aids and their uses
__ Understand riding on the correct diagonal and be able to change diagonal
__ Canter on the correct leading leg aids. Recognise the correct lead and change it
__ Have a basic understanding of warming up a horse/pony for every day work and the value of warm up exercises
__ Be able to talk about the way the horse/pony is going, including whether or not the horse/pony moves freely forward and has evenness of rhythm.
__ Have some knowledge of the horse/pony's paces and the way he should go
__ Know the reasons for adjusting stirrups for different types of work
__ Ride over trotting poles, followed by a small jump maximum height 18"
__ Ride over a show jumping course of 6 to 8 obstacles (not to exceed 2') including a two stride double
__ Ride over several cross country jumps not exceeding 2' and including ditches and a small jump on a slope
__ Ride safely with control in a group at walk, trot and canter
__ Be able to work independently in the open and to ride in the countryside, across farmland and bridleways
__ Be able to open and shut a gate mounted on an experienced horse/pony
__ Ride safely over varied terrain to include hills, ditches, low banks, flat open spaces and streams
__ Develop a hand gallop from a canter and return smoothly to canter (performed individually)
Horse Welfare
Stable Management
__ Show due regard for safety factors when handling horses/ponies
__ Understand the importance of keeping the yard clean and safe
__ Show understanding of the horse/pony's behaviour in a field
__ Lead in hand in walk, trot and turn from both sides
Bedding
__ Recognise the types of bedding used
__ Clean and bed down a box. Know the reasons for each step
__ Know how to skip out
Grooming
__ Name items of grooming kit and their uses
__ Know the reasons for grooming
__ Care of the mane and tail
__ Know how to correctly groom a grass kept and stabled horse/pony
__ Be able to recognise the different clips in use and the reasons for clipping
Rugs & Bandages
__ Put on a rug and remove safely, including a New Zealand rug
__ Be able to know if a rug fits correctly
__ Be able to put on travel bandages (with assistance)
__ Put on a tail bandage correctly
__ Be able to roll up travelling bandages and tail bandages
Saddlery
__ Put on a saddle and snaffle bridle
__ Care and cleaning of saddlery and new tack
__ Know how to carry a saddle correctly
__ Explain the reasons for equipment used on own pony for flat work and over fences
Shoeing
__ Describe the obvious signs of a foot needing shoeing or trimming
__ Know what to look for in a newly shod foot
__ Explain the reasons for shoeing
__ Have some knowledge of the shoeing procedure
__ Recognise farrier tools and know their uses
__ Recognise simple types of shoe (fore, hind, concave)
Health
__ Know the main indications for health in a horse/pony
__ Know when to seek help, when to call the vet and what to tell him
__ Know normal pulse, temperature and respiration
__ Recognise when a horse/pony is lame in a foreleg
__ Know some possible causes of poor condition - worms, bots, malnutrition, teeth needing attention
__ Know the obvious symptoms of colic, laminitis, coughs, colds, lice, ticks, ringworm and thrush. Know what immediate action to take
__ Know the conditions which foster internal and external parasites, procedures for parasite control in pasture and stable management. Know how to control flies and bot eggs
__ Be able to deal with minor wounds
__ Know health care schedule for own horse/pony including dates of vaccinations (tetanus, flu etc), worming programme, rasping teeth, shoeing etc
__ Know of the danger of taking horses/ponies out of their natural environment
Management at Grass
__ Care and working of a horse/pony off grass at all times of year
__ Understand the importance of daily checking
__ Know what to look for in and around a paddock on a daily basis
__ Describe the field requirements e.g. fencing, water, shelter, gates and pasture
__ Simple care of horse/pony's paddock, good/bad pasture conditions
__ Know some injurious and poisonous weeds and trees
Feeding
__ Rules of feeding and watering
__ Know the common feeds used
__ Describe how feeds are measured and why this is important
__ Know amount and type of feed for own horse/pony
__ How to use a hay net and dangers of improper use
__ How to make a bran mash and the reasons for use
__ Know how to recognise the main types of hay and whether or not it is good or bad quality
Travel
__ Know basic equipment needed for horse/pony's safety and comfort during trailer travel
__ Understand the importance and means of protecting the legs while travelling. Know the critical area to be protected by travel bandages or boots. Give reasons for their use
__ Know the trailer safety check-list
__ Be able to load and unload safely (with assistance) an experienced co-operative horse/pony
Exercise
__ Care of the horse/pony before and after riding, and the importance of cooling off
__ Understand what conditioning means
__ How to condition a horse/pony for a Riding Club event, using a 6 - 8 week conditioning and feeding programme for basic fitness
__ Know the care of a horse/pony after strenuous work, including: cooling legs, inspection of
legs, watering and feeding
__ Safety measures, preparation and care of horse/pony and equipment on the day of a club event, including feeding routine, consideration of the horse/pony's condition, of climate and going, cooling after, treatment of any injuries and making the horse/pony comfortable after work
Lungeing
__ Reasons for lungeing
__ Equipment necessary and safety procedures for lungeing
__ Lunge a horse/pony for exercise in an enclosed area (with assistance)
Conformation
__ Describe how to measure a horse/pony
__ Identify good and bad points of basic conformation
__ Name 5 basic conformation qualities desirable in a horse/pony for own use

JUNIOR EQUITATION & HORSE WELFARE 2B (without jumping)
The conditions for the above will apply to this examination, except that all references to
jumping should be removed. Candidates will not be required to jump any obstacles

JUNIOR EQUITATION AND HORSE WELFARE 3A (with jumping)
Requirements
__ Should ride with a basic balanced correct position, independent of the reins. Demonstrating co-ordinated use of aids, developed through an independent seat and initiate free forward movement with smooth transitions. Able to maintain a steady light feel
of the horse/pony's mouth.
__ Show knowledge of the simple aids and the ability to apply them effectively.
__ Should show confidence and control at all paces on the flat and over fences
__ To be capable of competing at area level
__ To have gained practical experience and knowledge of the care and conditioning of a horse/pony at grass
__ Should achieve a level of competence to care for own horse/pony in a manner that will ensure comfort and health, while knowing where to turn for help if needed.
__ To be in control of the pony on the road and in the countryside.
__ Ride safely and sensibly on the road and in the country
__ To have proper regard for country lore.
Equitation
__ Mount and dismount correctly from either side.
__ Adjust stirrups and girth whilst mounted
__ Maintain a balanced and secure position at walk, trot (sitting and rising), canter and gallop, showing the rider is progressing along the right lines.
__ Walk, trot and canter without stirrups
__ Do physical exercises at walk and trot
__ Ride with reins in one hand
__ Be able to warm up correctly with the use of basic suppling exercises
__ Be prepared to ride the following movements, demonstrating accurate and smooth transitions. The correct use of the natural aids e.g. leg and hand used in harmony

o 15m and 20m circles in walk, trot and canter
o Half circles
o Shallow loops
o 3 loop serpentine
o Lengthen stride (rising), know the difference between increase of speed and lengthening of stride
o Quarter turn about the forehand
o Change of leg through trot
o Walk on a long or loose rein and know the difference
o Halt and correct salute

__ Know whether or not the horse/pony maintains forward movement, bent correctly on circles and accuracy of transitions
__ Work the horse or pony towards accepting the bit
__ Know what being on the bit means, accepting the bit and importance of contact
__ Understand the terms balance, straightness, rhythm, tempo and impulsions
__ Some understanding of the correct riding from inside leg to outside hand
__ Sequence of legs at all paces. Some understanding of quality of paces
__ Work towards feeling the movement of the horse/pony's legs and be able to feel when the horse/pony loses balance
__ Be able to discuss the horse/pony's balance and way of going in simple terms
__ Have a basic knowledge of evasions and corrections
__ Ride individually or as part of a ride. Know the rules of riding safely in an enclosed area
__ Show manners and knowledge of open order
__ Discuss the reasons for different lengths of stirrups and various positions for different work
__ Warm up for jumping, using exercises appropriate for level of horse/pony, including simple jumping grids
__ Ride a show jumping course 0.85cm (2'9"), showing attention to presentation, pace and authority. The course to include verticals, spreads, combinations, turns and regular distances
__ Knowledge of pace at 450mpm, developing an estimated pace of 350-450mpm using large circles in an open field
__ Ride at gallop in the open alone and in a group
__ Ride over several cross-country obstacles at 0.85 cm (2'9"). Consider timing, approach and negotiation of solid obstacles of various types
__ Understand the importance of walking a course
__ Deal with run outs and refusals. Correct use of whip
__ Riding in the countryside-across farmland, bridle paths etc
__ Open and shut gates
__ Ride up and down a hill
__ Walk and trot through water
Horse Welfare
Stable Management
__ Understand safety practises, both human and equine, in and around the stable yard including basic fire prevention
__ Handle a pony safely and efficiently at all times
__ Have practical experience in stable work and use of stable tools
__ Know the usual types of bedding and how to use them
__ Good and bad features of a stable
Grooming
__ Cleanliness-name and demonstrate use of essential grooming kit
__ Be able to turn out a well groomed horse
__ Prepare a horse/pony for clipping
Bandages
__ Explain the purposes of bandaging and the dangers involved
__ Rug up and put on stable/travel bandages and a tail bandage
Saddlery
__ Recognise the correct fitting of a saddle and bridle
__ Put on boots correctly
__ Knowledge of different types of saddle for different purposes
__ Use and fitting of different girths and martingales
__ Identify a range of snaffle bits that are in common use, understand the action of the snaffle bit and common evasions
__ Explain the use and functions of equipment used on own horse/pony for flat and over fences
__ Describe and demonstrate the care and cleaning of tack both in and out of use
Shoeing
__ Name the farriers tools and their uses
__ Describe the basic structure of the foot
__ Describe some commonly used shoes and the reasons for their usage
__ Name the different parts of the shoe
__ Points of good shoeing
__ Have basic knowledge of studs and when to use them
Health
__ Put together a simple First Aid kit
__ Know the main indications of a horse/pony's state of health
__ Recognise when a horse/pony is lame
__ Run up in hand for lameness/action
__ Elementary knowledge of the treatment of minor wounds. Causes, types, how to treat, be able to put on a simple poultice and use of cold water
__ Know the causes and signs of the following: colic, azoturia, laminitis, choke, heaves, skin diseases and thrush
__ Discuss symptoms and preventative measures for the following diseases: Influenza, Tetanus and Strangles
__ Name and locate on a horse/pony the following unsoundness: ringbone, curb, bowed tendon, sidebone, thoroughpin and sprain
__ Know the main internal parasites and the damage they can cause to the horse/pony
__ Location of incisors and molars. Know the number and type of teeth (male and female)
__ Know age with permanent incisors
Stabling
__ How to care for a stabled horse/pony including feed and water schedule, minerals needed, clothing and exercising
__ Discuss types and causes of the main stable vices
Management at Grass
__ Care and working of a horse/pony at grass including feed, grooming and mineral supply
__ Elementary knowledge of grazing, worm control, shelter, fence repair, water supply and security
__ Identify toxic plants, including when most toxic, which parts are toxic and symptoms of poisoning.
__ Dealing with seasonal problems of horses/ponies at grass
Feeding
__ List the 6 classes of nutrients needed by horses/ponies and the basic feeds that provide them
__ Know principles of watering and feeding horses/ponies stabled or at grass and be able to put these into practise
__ Some knowledge of items of forage
__ The use, if necessary, of vitamin and mineral supplements
__ For where you live know availability, cost and origin of forage and hard feed needed to meet your horse/ponies nutritional requirements
Travel
__ The preparation of a trailer and vehicle for safe and comfortable travel
__ Know how to take a horse/pony into a box or trailer
__ Understand the importance and means of protecting a horse/pony's legs during travel
Lungeing
__ Reasons for lungeing
__ Equipment necessary and safety procedures for lungeing
__ Lunge a horse/pony for exercise in an enclosed area (with assistance)
__ Discuss methods, equipment and safety procedures for lungeing
Exercise
__ Know the condition of own horse or pony
__ Know normal vital signs of horse/pony at rest and after work
__ Know the basic principle of exercise and how to get a horse/pony fit
__ Balance feeding and conditioning for an idle horse/pony. Factors or conditions that will effect the feeding programme
__ Discuss knowledge of safety measures, preparation and care of horse/pony and equipment before and on a day of strenuous exercise. To include feeding routine, consideration of horse/pony's condition, consideration of climate and terrain, cooling off,
treatment of any injuries and make the horse or pony comfortable after work
Conformation
__ Points of the pony - colours and markings
__ Describe good and bad conformation points on your own horse/pony
__ Know which conformation points may contribute to the following blemishes, unsoundness or defects in the way of going: bowed tendons, curb, ringbone, sidebone, splints, navicular, interfering, overreaching and forging

JUNIOR EQUITATION AND WELFARE 3B (without jumping)
The conditions for the above will apply to this examination will apply to this examination,
except that all references to jumping should be removed. Candidates will not be required to
jump any obstacle

JUNIOR EQUITATION AND HORSE WELFARE 4A (with jumping)
Requirements
__ Riding club member who is interested in acquiring further knowledge and proficiency in all phases of riding
__ Understands and explains the reasons for what he/she is doing
__ Capable of riding and jumping any well mannered horse or pony and commenting on his way of going
__ Be able to ride over different types of fences at specified paces
__ To be capable of competing at championship level in any discipline and caring for the horse/pony before and after competition
__ Has gained knowledge and practical experience of the care and conditioning of horses and ponies and is able to care for them with minimum supervision
__ Must demonstrate sound judgement and maturity in the care of horses and equipment
__ Understand the reasons for what they are doing
Equitation
__ Maintain a good position at all paces that is effective, independent and showing some depth that is conducive to correct, tactful and harmonious use of the natural aids (leg and hand)
__ Be able to ride in a balanced, supple manner with the horse/pony moving forward with rhythm and impulsion whilst accepting the bit
__ Ride on the flat without stirrups in walk, trot and canter
__ Use the diagonals correctly at all times
__ Be able to ride with two sets of reins
__ Be able to ride with the reins in either hand
__ Be able to give and retake the reins in trot and canter
__ Understand the terms balance, rhythm, tempo and impulsion
__ Know the difference between the horse accepting the bit and being on the bit
__ Have a basic understanding of the scales of schooling and the concept of riding inside leg to outside hand
__ Be able to cope confidently with disobediences, evasions and corrections
__ Know the reasons for warm up for work on the flat and over fences. The amount of time for the horse being ridden and why
__ Be prepared to ride the following movements

o Serpentine 3 loops, sitting and/or rising trot
o Change of rein across the diagonal including free walk on a long rein
o 10m half circle, walk and/or trot
o 10m circle in walk/trot
o 15m and 20m circle in sitting trot and/or canter
o Shallow loops
o Canter change of lead through walk and/or trot
o Lengthening stride at trot and/or canter
o Leg yielding at walk and trot (centre line to wall)
o Turn about the forehand
o Rein back
o Work towards demi-pirouette
o Have a background knowledge of required movements
o Be able to explain the aids for each movement

__ Evaluate and discuss performance, including strong and weak points of the horse/pony being ridden
__ Discuss the benefits of trotting poles and know how to adjust distances for own horse/pony
__ Demonstrate warm up for jumping including trotting poles
__ Demonstrate ability to ride over fences 0.85 (3'0"). Course to include combination fences
__ Ride through a grid showing a secure and independent seat
__ Show an understanding of causes of disobedience
__ Ride up and down steep hills
__ Walk and trot through water
__ The highway code
__ Manners and consideration to other riders/road users/events
__ Riding club rules for various competitions
Horse Welfare
Stable Management
__ Handle a horse safely and efficiently at all times
__ Hold a horse for shoeing, clipping and veterinary treatment
__ Knowledge of ventilation, lighting, drainage and watering systems used in stabling
__ Know the usual types of bedding and how to use them. Manure disposal
__ Fire prevention
__ Stable routine over a limited period at the championships
__ What to look for when inspecting a stabled horse first thing in the morning and last thing at night
__ Understand the deviations from natural lifestyle caused by stabling a horse or pony
__ Indications of nervousness in a horse/pony
__ Understand what causes anti-social behaviour in horses and ponies
Grooming
__ Groom, strap a horse efficiently and make and use a whisp
__ Cool down after work including washing down and drying off a wet or sweating horse. Deal with a horse that has broken out
__ Be able to pull a mane and/or tail
__ Plait a mane and/or tail
__ Trim heels with scissors and comb
__ Prepare a horse to clip
__ Reasons for clipping
__ Types of clip
Saddlery
__ Fitting of all saddlery that can be used in BRC
__ Bits and their uses including fitting of and action of a double bridle.
__ Types of and fitting of brushing boots and pull on over reach boots
__ Inspection of saddlery for soundness
__ Put on a stable bandage, various travelling boots for protection and horse clothing
__ Demonstrate travelling, stable and tail bandages, discuss the materials used, reasons for bandaging and potential dangers
Shoeing
__ Discuss the structure and function of the hoof
__ Shoeing including common faults and the results
__ Recognise different shoes used for specific reasons
__ Know how to remove a dangerous shoe
__ Studs and their uses
Health
__ Temperature, pulse and respiration of a horse/pony at rest and possible cause of changes
__ Know when to call the vet out and what to have on hand when he arrives
__ How to record a sick and injured horses symptoms for the vet
__ Detection of heat and swelling in horse's leg
__ Carry out prescribed treatment for wounds, lameness and ailments
__ Determine and discuss age by teeth, discuss special problems such as over/under shot mouth, cribbing and reasons for rasping
__ Discuss colic, azoturia, laminitis, common diseases and respiratory ailments
__ First aid in an emergency. Dealing with all types of wounds and know when to get help
__ Discuss the following common causes of lameness including the location and inner structures involved: navicular, side bone, ringbone, splints, bog spavin, bone spavin, curb, bowed tendons, cracked shins, cracks, corns, and suspensory problems.
__ Discuss the life cycle for parasites and the preventative measures for strongyles, bots, ascarids, large stomach worms and pin worms
__ Record book (health, maintenance and immunisation) and why it must be kept up to date
Management at Grass
__ Management of a horse or pony at grass throughout the year
__ Maintenance of pasture and seasonal care of grass
__ Recognise poisonous plants
__ Types of shelter that can be used
Feeding
__ Feeding and watering principles
__ Assess different types of forage
__ Relate feeding practices to their effect on the horse/ponies digestive system
__ Discuss the six classes of nutrients and why they are needed
__ Discuss the nutritive value of own horse/ponies feed and supplements
__ Discuss seasonal variations in planning a horse/ponies ration
Travel
__ Prepare a horse for travel, knowledge of suitable clothing and protective bandages and boots
__ Loading and travelling a horse/pony
__ Discuss trailer care and travel preparation
__ Care of horse/pony during a journey and whilst away from home
Lungeing
__ Lunge own horse/pony (maybe done under direct supervision) using properly fitted suitable equipment, including: Lunge cavesson or bridle, saddle or surcingle (side reins are not required but are permitted if appropriate)
__ Demonstrate safe lungeing technique
__ Demonstrate proper use of equipment and voice
Exercise
__ Appreciation of fitness and health
__ Balance feeding with conditioning horse/pony
__ Understand the principles of conditioning and getting horse/pony fit for a BRC ODE
__ Roughing off
Conformation
__ Discuss anatomy of front and hind leg from shoulder and hip down to include principle bones, tendons and ligaments
__ Discuss conformation: good, bad and not so good
__ Know how the conformation of the horse/pony relates to interfering, overreaching and forgeing

JUNIOR EQUITATION AND HORSE WELFARE 4B (without jumping)
The conditions for the above will apply to this examination, except that all references to
jumping should be removed. Candidates will not be required to jump any obstacle

SENIOR HORSE WELFARE 2
Lungeing
__ Be able to tack up a horse for lungeing
__ Discuss equipment and how to lunge a horse
Stable Routine
__ Knowledge of different types of bedding, their management, advantages and disadvantages.
__ Importance of inspection first thing in the morning and last thing at night.
__ Be able to muck out and skep a box.
__ Bed down and management throughout day.
__ Build & maintain muck heap.
__ Show basic knowledge of stable design in respect of safety features and ventilation.
__ Understand the importance of safety in the stable yard.
Grooming
__ Show correctly, efficiently and safely.
__ Quartering.
__ Strapping including wisp or banger.
__ Washing.
__ Care of hot, sweaty horse.
__ Sponge down.
__ Rugging up.
__ Wash sheath.
Clipping
__ Knowledge of all types of clips and when they should be used.
__ Preparation of horse prior to clipping. Assist with clipping.
Trimming
__ Trim lower jaw and legs using correct equipment.
__ Explain and demonstrate pulling of mane and tail.
__ Plaiting of mane and tail.
Health
__ Recognise the signs of good and bad health.
__ Know how to take a temperature, pulse and respiration rate of horse.
__ Deal with minor cuts and abrasions.
__ Recognise lameness and how to identify.
__ Trot up.
__ Know when to call the Veterinary Surgeon and what information to give.
__ Understand and explain the functions and methods of applying ice packs and poultices.
__ Understand and explain the use of cold water bandages, hosing, tubbing, fomenting.
__ Understand why teeth need rasping.
Psychology
__ Know the value of calmness, kindness and respect in establishing the horse's confidence and improving his well-being and therefore his worth.
__ Understand behavioural characteristics of the horse when riding - shying, pulling, excitability, bucking, napping - possible reasons.
Exercise
__ How to relate condition, feeding and exercise.
__ Preparing a horse for work and roughing off.
Feeding
__ Knowledge of feeding, quality and quantity - including boiled foods, sugar beet and
laxative diet.
__ Different systems of watering and when to withhold water.
__ Feeding of sick, young or old horses.
__ Discuss hay/haylage, soaked hay.
Saddlery
__ Fitting of basic bits, saddle, breast plate, martingales and numnah.
__ Fit various types of boots.
__ Care and maintenance of tack including storage.
__ Use of different rugs and bandages and their care and maintenance including storage.
Travel
__ Preparing horse for travel, knowledge of loading/unloading.
Safety
__ Know correct procedures in event of accident or fire and principles to follow.
Shoeing
__ Ability and knowledge to remove a shoe.
__ Knowledge of farriers tools.
Anatomy
__ Know the basic skeleton.
__ Know the position of the main organs in the body.
__ Structure of the horse's foot.
Qualifications
Candidates must hold Horse Welfare I certificate.
Exemptions
Holders of Junior Equitation and Welfare III or above and holders of BHS Care Stage II or
above or Pony Club B test.

SENIOR HORSE WELFARE 3
Knowledge of looking after a fit, stabled horse, competing up to Riding Clubs Horse Trials and
Championship competitions.
Stable Construction
__ Knowledge of normal requirements of a suitable loose box or stall with reference to safety, size, ventilation, warmth, light, drainage, hygiene.
Stable Routine
__ Have a good and practical working routine for one or more stabled horse(s), feeding, exercise, grooming, tack cleaning, mucking out, skepping and sweeping up.
Be able to carry out these duties correctly, efficiently and knowledgeably.
Feeding
__ Have a knowledge of the horse's digestive system and dental system, understand and be able to explain the principles involved when working out ration for a horse in work, at rest and in sickness.
__ Understand and explain the significance of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, minerals, vitamins, fibre and water and know which foodstuffs are high in these constituents.
__ Recognise the different types of feed and assess the quality of the samples.
Exercise
__ Appreciation of fitness, health, exercise required to bring a horse up to fitness for competing at Area and Championship Horse Trials and to let down at the end of season.
__ A basic knowledge of respiratory system and the circulatory system.
Lungeing
__ Be able to lunge a suitable horse with due regard to safety.
Saddlery
__ Be able to fit correctly all types of saddlery, bridles, including double bridle, tack, etc. (not gadgets) and recognise ill-fitting tack.
__ Know what saddlery and bits are permitted in the various Riding Club competitions and what is prohibited.
__ Dangers of poor quality tack.
Shoeing
__ Be able to discuss different types of shoes, good and bad shoeing, corrective shoeing for common faults.
__ Understand the purpose of fitting nails and studs.
__ Knowledge of how to remove loose or dangerous shoe (legal implications).
__ Know the structure of foot and lower leg.
Clipping
__ Assist in clipping i.e. hold an awkward horse.
__ Handling and control of horse while clipping.
__ Maintenance of clippers.
Rugging and Bandages
__ Understand and be able to discuss and fit the types of rugs and blankets available for a stabled horse and what would be required at different times of the year and when travelling.
__ Be able to discuss and put on various types of bandages, stable, etc.
Travelling
__ Be able to load and unload a horse.
Safety
__ Know correct procedures in event of accident or fire and principles to follow
Veterinary
__ Understand the basic requirements of a sick horse and care for such a horse, as instructed.
__ Understand and be able to explain the common diseases which affect the horse.
__ Recognise symptoms and discuss possible causes.
__ Understand the circumstances under which infection or contagion are likely.
__ Have knowledge of infectious and contagious diseases in horses and how to prevent spreading.
__ Understand the requirements for the control of worms and innoculation for tetanus and flu.
__ Be able to explain and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of administering medicines.
Anatomy
__ Conformation in relation to performance.
__ Knowledge of muscles of locomotion and posterial.
__ Trot up for soundness.
Psychology
__ Confirm and develop the work started in Horse Welfare I and II.
__ Discuss the problems of stress in horses in daily training, travelling or competitions, and what steps can be taken to prevent and to treat.
__ Vices - causes and prevention.
Exemptions
Holders of BHS Care Stage III or above.

SENIOR HORSE WELFARE 4
(Previously Stable Manager's Certificate)
Organisation
__ To be run at area level and organised by the Area Chairman.
Qualifications
Candidates must hold Horse Welfare III.
Aims of the test
Candidates are expected to show a deeper knowledge and understanding of all the subjects previously covered in III and other Horse Welfare exams and to have the ability to give clear explanations of their reasons for actions and methods chosen. A high standard of efficiency will be expected in all practical work in running a small private yard.
Knowledge and practical experience in the following subjects:
Physiology
The main functions and effects of malfunction of the system of the horse's body:
__ Systems of support and movement - functions of muscles, tendons and ligaments; joints and their structure and movement. Their effect on performance and movement
__ Systems of information - nervous and sensory.
__ Skin.
__ Digestion including dental system.
__ Reproductive, urinary and mammary systems.
__ Circulatory system.
__ Respiratory system
__ Lymphatic and endocine system
Psychology
The nature, functions and phenomena of the mind producing behavioural patterns
__ Reasons for such behaviour.
__ Prevention of stress/ tension.
__ The five senses.
__ The 'sixth' sense.
Handling
__ The correct approach, tie up, moving about and handling of a horse in an enclosed space. The importance of good stable manners.
__ Holding a horse for clipping or treatment, the benefits and dangers of using twitches, other methods of physical restrain from mild to strong
__ Handling difficult horses in and out of the stable
__ Stable vices
__ Dealing with a horse cast in a stable and after care
__ Care of the horse's teeth, checking for sharp and worn teeth
__ Running a horse up for show and veterinary inspection
Conformation
__ Able to describe fully a horse, including sex, colour, size, age, markings and the type of work suited to it
__ Conformation related to the suitability for a specific activity and performance level
__ Knowledge of vetting a horse for purchase, warranties related to the sale and soundness of horses
__ Use of "horseman" terms
Stable Yard
__ Planning a stable yard, boxes, buildings, light, ventilation, drainage, water systems and supply
__ Precautions to be taken against burglary and fire
__ Organisation and fitting out of the tack room
__ Organisation and fitting out of feed store, and rodent control
__ Siting, building and disposing of muck heap
__ Records that are needed and should be kept
__ Insurance and accident forms
__ First aid for riders
__ Daily routine for a yard of 4 horses in work
__ Types of bedding, advantages and disadvantages
Feeding
__ Rules of feeding and watering
__ Hay and alternatives, types, quantities, purchasing, storage, amounts to be fed
__ Recognition of basic traditional feedstuffs, knowledge of coarse mixes, nuts, micronised and cooked feedstuffs. Advantages and disadvantages. Constituents - carbohydrates, proteins etc. Quality and quantity to be fed.
__ Preparation of boiled feeds and reasons for use
__ Reasons for use of minerals and additives. Possible dangers involved with misuse.
__ Green fodder and succulents
__ Tempting a difficult feeder
__ Appropriate rations, including percentage of protein needed for aging, growing, working, idle, show and competition horses
Grooming
__ Stabled horses
__ Reasons and methods for washing grooming kit and stable equipment
__ Making and using a hay wisp. Alternatives, leather pads etc. Purpose and effect on horse's system of strapping
__ How to wash a horse's sheath, mane and tail
__ Correct cooling off a horse after work, including washing down and drying off of a wet or sweating horse. Dealing effectively with a horse that "breaks out".
__ Care of legs and heels.
Clipping, Trimming and Plaiting
__ How to pull and thin a mane and tail
__ Trimming the horses legs and heels
__ How to plait a mane and tail
__ How to clip. Preparation of the horse, person clipping, stable and safety measures
__ Care of clippers, before, during and after clipping
__ Types of clips and their uses
__ Dealing with nervous or diffcult horses
Clothing and Rugs
__ Types of rugs including modern materials. Alternatives to rollers and surcingles
__ Cleaning and storage of rugs, bandages etc
__ Putting rugs on and taking rugs off
__ Types and uses of bandages, materials, alternatives to gamgee. Stitching exercise bandages
__ Types of boots for exercise and travel
__ Putting on stable, exercise and travel bandages
__ Tail and poll guards
Saddlery
__ Inspection of saddlery for soundness, stitching, broken trees etc to determine need for adjustment, repairs etc.
__ Dealing with neglected tack
__ Tack cleaning and storage
__ Making temporary adjustments eg saddle too low on withers, cantel too low, reins too long
__ Recognise types of bits and saddles, their fit, actions and applications for various horses. Indicate the discipline they are used in. Bits of various types, uses, advantages and disadvantages and actions, including double bridle, curb, Pelham and gag. Saddles - GP, dressage, jumping. Martingales, breastplate and over girth.
Exercise and Fittening
__ Development and maintenance of condition and fitness for all BRC competitions, including all the various championships
__ Roughing off, the importance of rest periods
__ Relationship of feeding to work and condition
Lungeing
__ Working the horse in the correct way for exercise. Practical technique and handling of lunging equipment
__ Benefits and dangers of lunging
__ Correct fit and use of equipment
__ Teaching the horse to lunge correctly.
Foot and Shoeing
__ Structure of the horses foot
__ Recognition of well-shaped and feet. Faults to look for
__ Notice unusual shoeing, pads etc. Wear of shoes and relate to possible unsoundness, diseases or poor movement
__ Use of various types of shoe to correct interference, brushing, over reaching etc
__ Use of studs
__ How to remove a loose shoe. Tools to use either farriers or substitutes if these are not available
Health and Condition
__ Understand and be able to use the "score system" for assessing a horse's condition. Be able to suggest possible causes of poor condition
__ Recognition of good and ill health. Be able to take temperature, pulse and respiration. Know when to call the vet
__ What to look for when inspecting the horse first thing in the morning and last thing at night
__ Recognising and dealing with an exhausted, stressed or dehydrated horse after hard work
First Aid, Nursing and Minor Ailments
__ Simple medical and veterinary terms
__ Precautions against infection and contagion
__ Precautions against flies and around the stables
__ The rules of nursing
__ Support and surgical bandaging, figure of 8, hock and knee
__ Fomenting, tubbing and hosing
__ Hot and cold poultices, types and uses. Applying to the foot
__ Inoculations - types and timing
__ Treatment for all kinds of worms
__ Wounds - different types of treatment, when to call the vet, how to deal with severe bleeding
__ Colic - recognition and treatment until the vet arrives
__ Ailments relating to feeding, azoturia, laminitis etc
__ Diseases and unsoundness of the respiratory system, whistling, roaring, COPD, allergies, strangles, coughs, colds etc
__ Treatment of saddle sores and galls
__ Skin diseases
__Problems in relation to the horse's eye
Lameness
__ How to detect lameness
__ Detection of heat, swelling etc in the horse's leg
__ Seats of lameness, splints, curbs, spavin, arthtitis etc. Where to find them, what they are and causes
__ Lameness that might be associated with conformation faults
__ Diseases and ailments of the foot
Loading & Travelling
__ Inspection of the horsebox or trailer. A maintenance programme for keeping the horsebox or trailer safe to use
__ Routine preparation for travelling horses by road
__ Loading and unloading including young and difficult horses. Possible reasons for loading problems
Grassland Management
__ Amount of land needed to keep horses. Correct grazing and grassland management, including watering systems, fencing, topping, harrowing, strip gazing, shelter etc
__ Avoiding worm infestation
__ Checking for poisonous plants, shrubs or trees. Prevention of dangerous weeds
__ Importance of soil testing, fertilisers and seeding for correct soil management
__ Precautions necessary after use of sprays, fertilisers, lime etc
Breeding
The principles of the care of brood mares and the handling of foals and youngstock
__ Selection of brood mares and stallions
__ Choice of service date, basic outline of covering programme
__ Foaling environments, facilities and equipment, selection, preparation and procedures
__ Care of the in-foal mare, including feeding, worming and testing routines
__ Precautionary measures eg tetanus and influenza
__ Know when to call the vet
__ Signs of the mare about to foal
__ What to watch out for when the mare is foaling
__ Deciding factors on whether to return the mare to stud, procedures necessary
__ Travelling mares and foals
__ Weaning - when and how
__ Gelding colts - advantages and disadvantages
__ How to cope with basic problems which may occur at any time with mares, foals and youngstock
Exemptions
Holders of FBHS or BHSI.

SENIOR EQUITATION EXAMINATIONS
SENIOR EQUITATION 1
Requirements
The rider must be capable of riding in an enclosed space on a quiet horse.
Equitation
_ Leading a horse in either hand.
_ Mounting and dismounting, giving and receiving leg up.
_ Adjusting stirrups and girth.
_ Holding reins correctly.
_ Having reasonably safe position in the saddle, and an elementary knowledge of the aids.
_ Riding a horse independently at the walk, trot and canter.
_ Making transitions including halt.
Exemptions
Holders of Junior Equitation and Welfare II or above, and holders of BHS Riding Stage I or
above or Pony Club B test.

SENIOR EQUITATION 2A (with jumping)
Requirements
Candidate must be capable of riding a well-mannered horse alone or in company.
Equitation
__ Having a good position in the saddle, independent of the reins.
__ Having control of the horse at a walk, trot and canter.
__ Riding with/without stirrups at walk and trot, recognise diagonals at trot.
__ The correct use of the aids for elementary movements: i.e. walk, trot and canter.
__ Cantering on a named leg.
__ Be able to explain Riding School movements and transitions,
__ Trotting poles and jumping low fences safely up to 2ft (609.60mm).
__ Riding up and down hill.
__ Correct handling of a whip.
General Knowledge
__ Riding on the public highways.
__ Opening and shutting gate
Exemptions
Holders of Junior Equitation and Welfare III or above and holders of BHS Riding Stage II or
above or Pony Club B test.

SENIOR EQUITATION 2B (without jumping)
The conditions for the above will apply to this examination, except that all references to
jumping should be removed. Candidates will not be required to jump any obstacles.

SENIOR EQUITATION 3A (with jumping)
Qualifications
Candidates must hold Riding Clubs' Equitation I and II certificates.
Requirements
The candidate must be an active rider who knows the reasons for what they are achieving.
They must be capable of riding any well-mannered horse effectively in Club events.
Equitation
__ The effective rider should be able to maintain a good position at all paces.
__ Apply the aids correctly and smoothly and understand the reasons for them.
__ Canter on a named leg, both with and without stirrups.
__ Trot on both diagonals.
__ Ride progressive transitions; show some lengthening of strides at all paces.
__ Show judgment of pace and distance.
__ Show turns at the walk, including turns about the forehand and work towards demi-pirouette.
__ Jump small fences and ditches at all paces up to 3ft (914.40mm).
__ Ride up and down steep hills and jump small banks and steps.
__ Show awareness and ability to ride amongst other riders and individually.
General Knowledge
__ The Highway Code
__ The Country Code
__ A responsibility whilst riding towards others
Exemptions
Holders of BHS Stage III Riding and above or Junior Equitation & Horse Welfare 4.

SENIOR EQUITATION 3B (without jumping)
The conditions for the above will apply to this examination, except that all references to
jumping should be removed. Candidates will not be required to jump any obstacles

SENIOR EQUITATION 4A (with jumping)
Organisation
Organised by the Riding Clubs' Training Committee.
Qualifications
Candidates must hold Riding Clubs' Equitation I, II and III certificates. On receipt of application, enquiries will be made as to the candidates ability.
Requirements
The candidate must be an educated rider capable of improving the training of a horse, and of participating in various equestrian activities.
Equitation
__ Knowledge of the correct position for riding on the flat, over fences and ability to demonstrate this, applying the aids quietly, unobtrusively and effectively.
__ Demonstrate the understanding of riding the horse forward into an acceptance of the aids.
__ Show an understanding of the principles and stages of schooling a horse up to Riding Club Horse Trials standard in all phases, dressage, cross-country and show jumping.
__ Riding a trained horse up to Elementary dressage standard, including lateral work.
__ Riding in a double bridle.
__ Riding over a course of jumps, with changes of direction showing judgement of stride and pace, over fences exceeding 3ft and not exceeding 3ft 6ins.
Examiner
To be appointed by the Riding Clubs' Training Committee from the Riding Clubs' Examiners
Panel for Equitation IV. No candidate may be examined by an Examiner who during the three
months prior to the Examination has either instructed the Candidate or been concerned with
the schooling of the horse used during the Examination.
Exemptions
BHS Riding Stage IV and above.
Applications for Equitation IV, including Rider's CV should be made on the appropriate form to
the Riding Clubs' Office, for consideration by the Riding Clubs Training
Sub-Committee.

SENIOR EQUITATION 4B (without jumping)
The conditions for the above will apply to this examination, except that all references to jumping should be removed. Candidates will not be required to jump any obstacles.

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JUNIOR EQUITATION AND HORSE WELFARE 1	SENIOR HORSE WELFARE 1	SENIOR EQUITATION 1
JUNIOR EQUITATION AND HORSE WELFARE 2	SENIOR HORSE WELFARE 2	SENIOR EQUITATION 2
JUNIOR EQUITATION AND HORSE WELFARE 3	SENIOR HORSE WELFARE 3	SENIOR EQUITATION 3
JUNIOR EQUITATION AND HORSE WELFARE 4	SENIOR HORSE WELFARE 4	SENIOR EQUITATION 4